Antiseptic and Disinfectant
Antiseptic and Disinfectant
1.
Antiseptic
• Antiseptic are the agent that destroy (kill) or
prevent (inhibit) the growth of the micro organism which are applied to living
tissue.
• They Prevent Sepsis.
2.
Disinfectant
• Disinfectant
are the agent that kill the vegetative bacteria (microbes) but not necessary
spore when used on inanimate object.
3.
Preservative
• Preservative
are the agent that prevent biological destruction of material or pharmaceutical
preparation
4.Steriliser
• Steriliser are the agent that must destroy all
forms of life, including spores, virus,
fungi, etc.
• When word end with :-
1.
___cide
, means to kill microbes Eg.Bacteriocide means kill bacteria.
2.
___stat
or ___static means to prevent growth
(multiplication) of microbes
Eg.Bacteriostatic
means to prevent the growth of bacteria.
• Classification
1.
Phenol
and related compound
Eg.
Phenol, chorocresol, chloroxylerol, hexachlorophene
2.
Alcohol
and related compound
Eg.
Etanol, iso-propyl alcohol
3.
Aldehyde
Eg.
Formadhehyde
4.
Carboxylic
acid and derivatives
Eg.Benzoicacid
, methyl p hydroxy benzoate 5. Halophors
A}
cholrophors Eg.chloramine- T
B}
iodophors Eg.povidine iodine,
iodoform
6.
Heavy
metal compound
A)
Organic
materials Eg. Thiomersal
B)
Silver
compounds Eg. Silver sulphodiazine,silver
protein.
7.
Quaternary
ammonium compouds : (Cationic surfactants)
Eg.
Benzakonium chloride, cetrimide
8.
Dyes
Eg.
Proflavine, Brilliant green
9.Miscellanous
A)
Topical Eg. Nitrofurazone,
Icthamol B
B} Urinary Antiseptics Eg.Nitrofurantoin.
1.Proflavine
• Chemistry
:
It
is an acridine derivatives the presence of two amino group at position 3 and 6
increase it’s bacteriostatic activities.
• Physical
properties :
1)
It is
occurs as orange to red crystalline hygroscopic powders
2)
It is
odourless and colourless
3)
It is
sparingly soluble in water and very soluble in hot water 4) It is practically
insoluble in chloroform and in ether.
• Chemical properties :
1.
When it
is the treated with potassium ferricyanide.
2.
It is
slightly acidic medium . It is precipitated as it’s ferricyanide salt.
• Stability and storage :
1.
It is
the affected by light and hygroscopic.
2.
It is
stored tightly closed container and light resistant containers.
• Uses :
1.
It is
used as antiseptic
2.
It is
effective against mainly gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
3.
It is
used in the treatment in infected wound.
4.
It is
also used for dressing of wound and burns .
5.
It is
also used for treatment of local infection of ear, mouth, throat and skin.
• Pharmaceutical
formulation or Dosage form or pharmaceutical preparation: Proflavinn
cream
• Brand
name or Trade name : Septicide and malca
2. Benzalkonium chloride
• Properties:
1.
It is
white to pale yellow gel
2.
It has
aromatic odour
3.
It has
very bitter test
4.
It is miscible
with water
• Stability
and storage :
It is affected by light, hence
it is stored in tightly closed light resistant container.
• Uses :
1.
It is
antiseptic and detergent
2.
It is
used for cleaning intact skin
3.
It is
used to clean urinary track, urethra and vagina as a solution
4.
To get
relief from painful infection of mouth and throat.
5.
It is
used as preservative and eye drop.
• Pharmaceutical
preparation, formulation, dosage form :
1. Benzoalkonium chloride solution 2. Benzoalkonium choride lozenges
• Brand
name:
Benzole,
Benzyl septal
3.Cetrimide
It is the acetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
• Properties:
1.
It is
the white or creamy white free flowing powder with faint and characteristics
action.
2.
It is
freely soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and insoluble in water.
• Storage
: It is stored in well closed container
• Uses :
1.
It is
used as antiseptic and disinfectcant, detergent
2.
It is
used to treat burns and wound
3.
It is
used to remove scabs (Dead cell)
4.
It is
used as preservative
5.
It is
used as emulsifying agent
• Pharmaceutical
preparation :
1.
Cetrimide
cream
2.
Cetrimide
emulsifying ointment
3.
Cetrimide
emulsifying wax
Brand Name-Cetrimax
:
4.
Liquified phenol
• Ingredients:
1.
Phenol
– 800 gm
2.
Purified
water – sufficient to produce – 1000 gm
Liquified
phenol is prepared by melting phenol hot water bath then sufficient quantity of water is added to produced
required weight and mixed.
• Properties:
1.
It is
colourless liquid which may turns pinkish blue on keeping.
2.
It is
caustic
3.
It is
miscible in glycerine
• Chemical
properties :
when
it is treated with bromine water, it is treated converted to tribromophenyl.
• Storage:
It is stored in a tightly
closed light resistant container
• Uses :
1.
It is
used as bactericidal and germicidal.
2.
It is
used for dressing of wound
3.
It is
used to get relief from itching due to anaesthetic property
4.
4. It
is used as antiseptic and analgesic in mouth ulcer 5. In treatment of bolis in
ears.
5.
Chorocresol
Properties
:
1.
It is
occurs as colourless or faint colour crystal
2.
It has
characteristic odour
3.
Slightly
soluble in water and soluble in hot water
4.
It is
easily soluble in alcohol and ether
5.
It is
steam volatile in nature
Stability
and storage :
It is
oxidised by air or oxygen hence it is stored to tightly closed container.
Uses :
1.
It is
powerful bacteriocide and fungicide
2.
It is
used as in preservative in cream and pharmaceutical preparation for external
use
• Pharmaceutical
preparation :
Chlorocresol
solution
6.
Choroxylenal
• Properties
1.
It
occurs as white crystalline powder with characteristic odour.
2.
It is
practically insoluble in water but soluble in alkaline hydroxide solution in
fixed oil and alcohol.
3.
It is
volatile in nature
• Stability and storage :
It is
affected by light and hence it is stored in well closed light resistant
container.
• Uses :
1. It
is relatively non irritant antiseptic for cuts of wound and abrasion
2. It is also used as disinfectcant
• Pharmaceutical
preparation : Choroxylenal solution
• Brand
name :
Fairgenol
7.
Formadhehyde solution
Synonym
: Formalin and Formal
Properties
:
1. It
is colourless liquid with characteristic odour and burning taste
2. It
is miscible with water and alcohol
• Chemical
properties:
1.
Polymerization:
• when formaldehyde solution is treated with 2%
sulphuric acid and vapours are condensed quicky tromethelin is formed.
• When formaldehyde solution is evaporated a white
frable mass polyformaldhehyde obtained.
Reaction
with ammonia:
When
formaldehyde solution is treated with ammonia solution it is converted into hexamine.
Stability
and storage :
It is undergo polymerization on storage and
process is accelated in cool place.
Hence, it is stored in tightly closed
container, moderately warm place.
Uses:
1.
It is
powerful antibacterial agent
2.
It is
used in the treatment of skin disease.
3.
It is
used as antiseptic in the form of mouthwash and gargle.
4.
It is
used to disinfect room, instrument, clothiry hand and site of operation etc
5.
It is
protein precipitant. It is used as skin hardner and to prevent excessive
perspiration 6. It is used as preservatives.
Brand Name-Kanpip,
8. Hexochlorophene or Hexachlorophane
• Properties:
1.
It
occurs as white crystalline powder.
2.
It is
odourless or having phendic odour .
3.
It is
insoluble in water and soluble in dilute solution of alkali hydroxide.
• Chemical
properties:
1.
When it
is treated with sodium hydroxide at pH
9 . It is converted into monosodium
derivatives.
2.
It
gives transient purple colour with ferric chloride.
• Storage
:
It is
affected by light and hence it is stored in tightly closed container.
• Uses :
1.
It has
antibacterial property.
2.
It is
used to reduce bacterial Flora on skin.
3.
To
reduce bacterial infection on umbelical stumed or cord 4. To disinfect hands of
surgens
• Pharmaceutical
preparation :
1.
Hexochlorophene
solution
2.
Hexochlorophene
dusting powder
3.
Hexochlorophene
cleansing emulsion
4.
Hexochlorophene
liquid soap
5.
Hexochlorophene
mixture
Brand
Name:-Sterzac, Zalpon
9.
Nitrofurantoin
Properties
:
1.
It
occurs as yellow crystal or crystalline powder.
2.
It is
odourless.
3.
It has
bitter taste.
4.
It has
slightly soluble in water.
Storage
:
It has
affected by light hence it is stored in a tightly closed light resistant
container, at temperature not excceding 25°c.
Uses :
1.
It is
broad spectrum antibacterial agent .
2.
It is
used to treatment of urinary tract infection.
Formulations
:
1.
Nitrofurantoin
suspension
2.
Nitrofurantoin
capsule
3.
Nitrofurantoin
tablet
BrandName :NFT,
Furadantin, Urantoin
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